wondershaper-1.1a/0042755000175000017500000000000007457032360012345 5ustar ahuahuwondershaper-1.1a/wshaper.htb0100755000175000017500000000734407457032253014524 0ustar ahuahu#!/bin/bash # Wonder Shaper # please read the README before filling out these values # # Set the following values to somewhat less than your actual download # and uplink speed. In kilobits. Also set the device that is to be shaped. DOWNLINK=800 UPLINK=220 DEV=ppp0 # low priority OUTGOING traffic - you can leave this blank if you want # low priority source netmasks NOPRIOHOSTSRC= # low priority destination netmasks NOPRIOHOSTDST= # low priority source ports NOPRIOPORTSRC= # low priority destination ports NOPRIOPORTDST= # Now remove the following two lines :-) echo Please read the documentation in 'README' first exit if [ "$1" = "status" ] then tc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV tc -s class ls dev $DEV exit fi # clean existing down- and uplink qdiscs, hide errors tc qdisc del dev $DEV root 2> /dev/null > /dev/null tc qdisc del dev $DEV ingress 2> /dev/null > /dev/null if [ "$1" = "stop" ] then exit fi ###### uplink # install root HTB, point default traffic to 1:20: tc qdisc add dev $DEV root handle 1: htb default 20 # shape everything at $UPLINK speed - this prevents huge queues in your # DSL modem which destroy latency: tc class add dev $DEV parent 1: classid 1:1 htb rate ${UPLINK}kbit burst 6k # high prio class 1:10: tc class add dev $DEV parent 1:1 classid 1:10 htb rate ${UPLINK}kbit \ burst 6k prio 1 # bulk & default class 1:20 - gets slightly less traffic, # and a lower priority: tc class add dev $DEV parent 1:1 classid 1:20 htb rate $[9*$UPLINK/10]kbit \ burst 6k prio 2 tc class add dev $DEV parent 1:1 classid 1:30 htb rate $[8*$UPLINK/10]kbit \ burst 6k prio 2 # all get Stochastic Fairness: tc qdisc add dev $DEV parent 1:10 handle 10: sfq perturb 10 tc qdisc add dev $DEV parent 1:20 handle 20: sfq perturb 10 tc qdisc add dev $DEV parent 1:30 handle 30: sfq perturb 10 # TOS Minimum Delay (ssh, NOT scp) in 1:10: tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1:0 protocol ip prio 10 u32 \ match ip tos 0x10 0xff flowid 1:10 # ICMP (ip protocol 1) in the interactive class 1:10 so we # can do measurements & impress our friends: tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1:0 protocol ip prio 10 u32 \ match ip protocol 1 0xff flowid 1:10 # To speed up downloads while an upload is going on, put ACK packets in # the interactive class: tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1: protocol ip prio 10 u32 \ match ip protocol 6 0xff \ match u8 0x05 0x0f at 0 \ match u16 0x0000 0xffc0 at 2 \ match u8 0x10 0xff at 33 \ flowid 1:10 # rest is 'non-interactive' ie 'bulk' and ends up in 1:20 # some traffic however suffers a worse fate for a in $NOPRIOPORTDST do tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1: protocol ip prio 14 u32 \ match ip dport $a 0xffff flowid 1:30 done for a in $NOPRIOPORTSRC do tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1: protocol ip prio 15 u32 \ match ip sport $a 0xffff flowid 1:30 done for a in $NOPRIOHOSTSRC do tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1: protocol ip prio 16 u32 \ match ip src $a flowid 1:30 done for a in $NOPRIOHOSTDST do tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1: protocol ip prio 17 u32 \ match ip dst $a flowid 1:30 done # rest is 'non-interactive' ie 'bulk' and ends up in 1:20 tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1: protocol ip prio 18 u32 \ match ip dst 0.0.0.0/0 flowid 1:20 ########## downlink ############# # slow downloads down to somewhat less than the real speed to prevent # queuing at our ISP. Tune to see how high you can set it. # ISPs tend to have *huge* queues to make sure big downloads are fast # # attach ingress policer: tc qdisc add dev $DEV handle ffff: ingress # filter *everything* to it (0.0.0.0/0), drop everything that's # coming in too fast: tc filter add dev $DEV parent ffff: protocol ip prio 50 u32 match ip src \ 0.0.0.0/0 police rate ${DOWNLINK}kbit burst 10k drop flowid :1 wondershaper-1.1a/wshaper0100755000175000017500000000737407457032233013751 0ustar ahuahu#!/bin/bash # Wonder Shaper # please read the README before filling out these values # # Set the following values to somewhat less than your actual download # and uplink speed. In kilobits. Also set the device that is to be shaped. DOWNLINK=800 UPLINK=220 DEV=eth0 # low priority OUTGOING traffic - you can leave this blank if you want # low priority source netmasks NOPRIOHOSTSRC=80 # low priority destination netmasks NOPRIOHOSTDST= # low priority source ports NOPRIOPORTSRC= # low priority destination ports NOPRIOPORTDST= # Now remove the following two lines :-) echo Please read the documentation in 'README' first :-\) exit ######################################################### if [ "$1" = "status" ] then tc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV tc -s class ls dev $DEV exit fi # clean existing down- and uplink qdiscs, hide errors tc qdisc del dev $DEV root 2> /dev/null > /dev/null tc qdisc del dev $DEV ingress 2> /dev/null > /dev/null if [ "$1" = "stop" ] then exit fi ###### uplink # install root CBQ tc qdisc add dev $DEV root handle 1: cbq avpkt 1000 bandwidth 10mbit # shape everything at $UPLINK speed - this prevents huge queues in your # DSL modem which destroy latency: # main class tc class add dev $DEV parent 1: classid 1:1 cbq rate ${UPLINK}kbit \ allot 1500 prio 5 bounded isolated # high prio class 1:10: tc class add dev $DEV parent 1:1 classid 1:10 cbq rate ${UPLINK}kbit \ allot 1600 prio 1 avpkt 1000 # bulk and default class 1:20 - gets slightly less traffic, # and a lower priority: tc class add dev $DEV parent 1:1 classid 1:20 cbq rate $[9*$UPLINK/10]kbit \ allot 1600 prio 2 avpkt 1000 # 'traffic we hate' tc class add dev $DEV parent 1:1 classid 1:30 cbq rate $[8*$UPLINK/10]kbit \ allot 1600 prio 2 avpkt 1000 # all get Stochastic Fairness: tc qdisc add dev $DEV parent 1:10 handle 10: sfq perturb 10 tc qdisc add dev $DEV parent 1:20 handle 20: sfq perturb 10 tc qdisc add dev $DEV parent 1:30 handle 30: sfq perturb 10 # start filters # TOS Minimum Delay (ssh, NOT scp) in 1:10: tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1:0 protocol ip prio 10 u32 \ match ip tos 0x10 0xff flowid 1:10 # ICMP (ip protocol 1) in the interactive class 1:10 so we # can do measurements & impress our friends: tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1:0 protocol ip prio 11 u32 \ match ip protocol 1 0xff flowid 1:10 # prioritize small packets (<64 bytes) tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1: protocol ip prio 12 u32 \ match ip protocol 6 0xff \ match u8 0x05 0x0f at 0 \ match u16 0x0000 0xffc0 at 2 \ flowid 1:10 # some traffic however suffers a worse fate for a in $NOPRIOPORTDST do tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1: protocol ip prio 14 u32 \ match ip dport $a 0xffff flowid 1:30 done for a in $NOPRIOPORTSRC do tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1: protocol ip prio 15 u32 \ match ip sport $a 0xffff flowid 1:30 done for a in $NOPRIOHOSTSRC do tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1: protocol ip prio 16 u32 \ match ip src $a flowid 1:30 done for a in $NOPRIOHOSTDST do tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1: protocol ip prio 17 u32 \ match ip dst $a flowid 1:30 done # rest is 'non-interactive' ie 'bulk' and ends up in 1:20 tc filter add dev $DEV parent 1: protocol ip prio 18 u32 \ match ip dst 0.0.0.0/0 flowid 1:20 ########## downlink ############# # slow downloads down to somewhat less than the real speed to prevent # queuing at our ISP. Tune to see how high you can set it. # ISPs tend to have *huge* queues to make sure big downloads are fast # # attach ingress policer: tc qdisc add dev $DEV handle ffff: ingress # filter *everything* to it (0.0.0.0/0), drop everything that's # coming in too fast: tc filter add dev $DEV parent ffff: protocol ip prio 50 u32 match ip src \ 0.0.0.0/0 police rate ${DOWNLINK}kbit burst 10k drop flowid :1 wondershaper-1.1a/README0100644000175000017500000002146407457032355013233 0ustar ahuahuThe Wonder Shaper 1.1a bert hubert http://lartc.org/wondershaper (c) Copyright 2002 Licenced under the GPL - see 'COPYING' This document is a bit long, I'll split it up later. The very short summary is: edit the first few lines of 'wshaper' and run it. GOALS ----- I attempted to create the holy grail: * Maintain low latency for interfactive traffic at all times This means that downloading or uploading files should not disturb SSH or even telnet. These are the most important things, even 200ms latency is sluggish to work over. * Allow 'surfing' at reasonable speeds while up or downloading Even though http is 'bulk' traffic, other traffic should not drown it out too much. * Make sure uploads don't harm downloads, and the other way around This is a much observed phenomenon where upstream traffic simply destroys download speed. It turns out that all this is possible, at the cost of a tiny bit of bandwidth. The reason that uploads, downloads and ssh hurt eachother is the presence of large queues in many domestic access devices like cable or DSL modems. * Have the ability to mark certain hosts/ports as 'low priority' If you *know* which hosts or ports are hogging your outgoing link, be able to deprioritize it. The next section explains in depth what causes delays, and how we can fix them. You can safely skip it and head straight for the script if you don't care how the magic is performed. Before emailing me or the mailinglist PLEASE read the 'known problems' section. Why it doesn't work well by default ----------------------------------- ISPs know that they are benchmarked solely on how fast people can download. Besides available bandwidth, download speed is influenced heavily by packet loss, which seriously hampers TCP/IP performance. Large queues can help prevent packetloss, and speed up downloads. So ISPs configure large queues. These large queues however damage interactivity. A keystroke must first travel the upstream queue, which may be seconds (!) long and go to your remote host. It is then displayed, which leads to a packet coming back, which must then traverse the downstream queue, located at your ISP, before it appears on your screen. This HOWTO teaches you how to mangle and process the queue in many ways, but sadly, not all queues are accessible to us. The queue over at the ISP is completely off-limits, whereas the upstream queue probably lives inside your cable modem or DSL device. You may or may not be able to configure it. Most probably not. So, what next? As we can't control either of those queues, they must be eliminated, and moved to your Linux router. Luckily this is possible. Limit upload speed somewhat --------------------------- By limiting our upload speed to slightly less than the truly available rate, no queues are built up in our modem. The queue is now moved to Linux. Limit download speed -------------------- This is slightly trickier as we can't really influence how fast the internet ships us data. We can however drop packets that are coming in too fast, which causes TCP/IP to slow down to just the rate we want. Because we don't want to drop traffic unnecessarily, we configure a 'burst' size we allow at higher speed. Now, once we have done this, we have eliminated the downstream queue totally (except for short bursts), and gain the ability to manage the upstream queue with all the power Linux offers. Let interactive traffic skip the queue -------------------------------------- What remains to be done is to make sure interactive traffic jumps to the front of the upstream queue. To make sure that uploads don't hurt downloads, we also move ACK packets to the front of the queue. This is what normally causes the huge slowdown observed when generating bulk traffic both ways. The ACKnowledgements for downstream traffic must compete with upstream traffic, and get delayed in the process. We also move other small packets to the front of the queue - this helps operating systems which do not set TOS bits, like everything from Microsoft. Allow the user to specify low priority traffic (new in 1.1!) ------------------------------------------------------------ Sometimes you may notice low priority OUTGOING traffic slowing down important traffic. In that case, the following options may help you: NOPRIOHOSTSRC Set this to hosts or netmasks in your network that should have low priority NOPRIOHOSTDST Set this to hosts or netmasks on the internet that should have low priority NOPRIOPORTSRC Set this to source ports that should have low priority. If you have an unimportant webserver on your traffic, set this to 80 NOPRIOPORTDST Set this to destination ports that should have low priority. See the start of wshaper and wshaper.htb Results ------- If we do all this we get the following measurements using an excellent ADSL connection from xs4all in the Netherlands: Baseline latency: round-trip min/avg/max = 14.4/17.1/21.7 ms Without traffic conditioner, while downloading: round-trip min/avg/max = 560.9/573.6/586.4 ms Without traffic conditioner, while uploading: round-trip min/avg/max = 2041.4/2332.1/2427.6 ms With conditioner, during 220kbit/s upload: round-trip min/avg/max = 15.7/51.8/79.9 ms With conditioner, during 850kbit/s download: round-trip min/avg/max = 20.4/46.9/74.0 ms When uploading, downloads proceed at ~80% of the available speed. Uploads at around 90%. Latency then jumps to 850 ms, still figuring out why. What you can expect from this script depends a lot on your actual uplink speed. When uploading at full speed, there will always be a single packet ahead of your keystroke. That is the lower limit to the latency you can achieve - divide your MTU by your upstream speed to calculate. Typical values will be somewhat higher than that. Lower your MTU for better effects! A small table: Uplink speed | Expected latency due to upload -------------------------------------------------- 32 | 234ms 64 | 117ms 128 | 58ms 256 | 29ms So to calculate your effective latency, take a baseline measurement (ping on an unloaded link), and look up the number in the table, and add it. That is about the best you can expect. This number comes from a calculation that assumes that your upstream keystroke will have at most half a full sized packet ahead of it. This boils down to: mtu * 0.5 * 10 -------------- + baseline_latency kbit The factor 10 is not quite correct but works well in practice. Your kernel ----------- If you run a recent distribution, everything should be ok. You need 2.4 with QoS options turned on. If you compile your own kernel, it must have some options enabled. Most notably, in the Networking Options menu, QoS and/or Fair Queueing, turn at least CBQ, PRIO, SFQ, Ingress, Traffic Policing, QoS support, Rate Estimator, QoS classifier, U32 classifier, fwmark classifier. In practice, I (and most distributions) just turn on everything. The scripts ----------- The script comes in two versions, one which works on standard kernels and is implemented using CBQ. The other one uses the excellent HTB qdisc which is not in the default kernel. The CBQ version is more tested than the HTB one! See 'wshaper' and 'wshaper.htb'. Tuning ------ These scripts need to know the 'real' rate of your ISP connection. This is hard to determine upfront as different ISPs use different kinds of bits it appears. People report success using the following technique: Estimate both your upstream and downstream at half the rate your ISP specifies. Now verify if the script is functioning - check interactivity while uploading and while downloading. This should deliver the latency as calculated above. If not, check if the script executed without errors. Now slowly increase the upstream & downstream numbers in the script until the latency comes back. This way you can find optimum values for your connection. If you are happy, please report to me so I can make a list of numbers that work well. Please let me know which ISP you use and the name of your subscription, and its reputed specifications, so I can list you here and save others the trouble. Installation ------------ If you dial in, you can copy the script to /etc/ppp/ip-up.d and it will be run at each connect. If you want to remove the shaper from an interface, run 'wshaper stop'. To see status information, run 'wshaper status'. KNOWN PROBLEMS -------------- If you get errors, add an -x to the first line, as follows: #!/bin/bash -x And retry. This will show you which line gives an error. Before contacting me, make sure that you are running a recent version of iproute! Recent versions can be found at your Linux distributor, or if you prefer compiling, here: ftp://ftp.inr.ac.ru/ip-routing/iproute2-current.tar.gz More information ---------------- Information on how this all works can be found on http://lartc.org The Linux Advanced Routing & Traffic Control HOWTO site. wondershaper-1.1a/COPYING0100644000175000017500000004311007441234646013376 0ustar ahuahu GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. 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We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. 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If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 11. 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It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. Copyright (C) This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. , 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License. wondershaper-1.1a/VERSION0100644000175000017500000000000607457032350013403 0ustar ahuahu1.1a wondershaper-1.1a/TODO0100644000175000017500000000006107456627377013046 0ustar ahuahu- move configuration away from the script itself wondershaper-1.1a/ChangeLog0100644000175000017500000000036607457032340014115 0ustar ahuahuChanges since version 1.1: - Georg Wild noticed that NOPRIOHOSTDST was never used Changes since version 1.0: - we now prioritize ALL small packets, not just acks - ability to deprioritize certain source/dst host/ports